Roberto Zamora-Zamora, Marcelo Lozada-Hidalgo, Santiago F. Caballero-Benitez, Victor Romero-Rochin
We present a novel and simple mechanism to produce vortices at any desired spatial locations in harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) with multicomponent spin states coupled to external transverse magnetic fields. The vortices appear at the spatial points where the spin-field interaction vanishes and, depending on the multipolar magnetic field order, the vortices acquire a corresponding charge. We explicitly demonstrate our findings, both numerically and analitically, by analyzing 2D and 3D BEC via the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for atomic systems with either two or three internal states. We further show that, by an spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism, the vortices appear in only some spin components. We propose an experimental realization of this scenario using a gas of 87 Rb occupying all three F = 1 states in an optical trap. We suggest that a further time varying of the external magnetic field may lead to a route for quantum turbulence.
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http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.1466
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