Biswajit Das, Bitan Ghosal, Subhasish Dutta Gupta, Bimalendu Deb
We introduce hermitian and unitary quantum phase operators of two-component fermionic fields. The phase operators of bosonic fields are the same as that of quantised radiation fields introduced long back. Using these phase operators we study quantum phase and number fluctuations of a pair of interacting bosons and those of a pair of interacting two-component fermions in a symmetric double-well potential. The fluctuations in inter-well number-difference operator can be quantified in terms of two-mode squeezing parameter which also serves as an entanglement parameter to quantify inter-well entanglement in number variables. We investigate the effects of on-site interaction on the fluctuations of the two canonically conjugate inter-well number- and phase-difference variables which are closely related to the entanglement. We also study intra-well number fluctuations. Our analytical and numerical results reveal that the fluctuation properties of a pair of bosons are quite distinct from that of a pair of two-component fermions. These findings may have implications in possible quantum information processing with ultracold atoms in confined geometries such as double-well optical lattices.
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http://arxiv.org/abs/1208.0173
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